Tikran Basha Al-Armani was an Armenian writer and politician. Born and raised in Cairo, he pursued his studies in Italy and then returned to Egypt where he became the personal writer and secretary of Nubar Pasha, the first Prime Minister of Egypt. This was during the rule of Isma'il Pasha (1863 – 1879 AD), also known as Isma’il the Magnificent. Al-Armani later served as secretary to the board of supervisors, foreign agent, as well as foreign supervisor in many ministries.

Jubra’il bin Wade’ Sa’adeh was an author, translator, historian, musician and journalist from Latakia, Syria. He moved to Beirut, where he pursued his education at the French College of Law and later went on to work in trade before ultimately being appointed Latakia’s Honorary Consul to Greece in 1956. He was also elected president of the Institutes of Higher Education’s Alumni Club and served as a member of the management committee of the music club. In addition, Jubra’il was one of the founders of the National Orthodox Church in Latakia, the Arab Writers Union and the People's Committee for the Arts and Literature. He was also an accomplished writer, publishing articles in French, Italian, German and Lebanese magazines. Among his notable works include his plays When The Sun Sets , The Disobedient Will Never Be Forgotten , as well as folk songs Latakia Province and When Latakia Sings . He also translated several works from Arabic into French, including National Museum Guide and a story by Mahmoud Edwan entitled Without Offspring . His French writings include Ugarit an d The History of Latakia .

Jubra’il Suleima Jbour was a researcher, historian, university teacher and author from Syria. Born in the town of Al-Qaryatayn between Homs and Damascus, he pursued his primary studies in Syria before graduating from the American University in Beirut with a degree in science. He then moved to Egypt, where he taught at the Faculty of Arts at the Cairo University. He received his master degree in literature and a PhD in philosophy from Princeton University, followed by another PhD in Eastern history from Burlington University. Jubra’il worked as head of the English department at Homs National College and as an Arabic language teacher, and later as head of the Arabic department at the American University in Beirut. Among his notable publications include Arab Life throughout the first 100 years after the Prophet’s death, Umar Ibn Abi Rabi'ah, Kings and Poets , Literary Criticism and Bedouins and the Desert .

Tuma Al-Labboudi was a Lebanese priest, author and head of the Lebanese Order. Among his notable works includes The Biography of Abdallah Kara’ali , detailing the life of the Lebanese Order founder and the Archbishop of Beirut, who died in 1742 AD. Al-Labboudi added a letter to the biography before sending it to King Louis XV, and the biography was later published by Father Anton Ribat. He died in Rome in 1786.

Tuma Al-Kufurtabi was a Maronite bishop, writer, translator and philosopher from Kufurtab in northern Syria. Tuma was considered to be one of the staunchest defenders of the Maronite teachings against its antagonists, as demonstrated by the aggressive letters exchanged between him and the Patriarch of Antioch. Among his notable works are Al-Makalat Al-Ashara (The Ten Articles), which defends the Maronite teachings, as well as a translation of Youhanna Maron's Al-Huda wa Al-Namous (The Right Path and the Law), a collection of articles about dogmas and denominations.

Tuma bin Suleiman was an Orthodox writer and historian from Syria. Among his notable works is a book entitled Tarikh Halab (Aleppo’s History) collected from the chronicles of Ibn al-Bitriq and the Imam Abi Yasir, as well as a summary of the chronicles of Zain Eddin Ahmad bin Ali, known as Al-Sha’ofi , which detailed the history of Aleppo and other provinces in northern Syria.

Ishaq Al-Nenawi was a Nestorian Bishop and poet. He wrote many works in the Syriac language, three of which were translated into Arabic, including Majmo’at Miamer Fi Al-Sir Al-Nuskeya (The Collection of Miamer in Asceticism), Al-Tib Al-Ruhani (Spiritual Medicine) and Rasa’el Miamer (Miamer’s Letters). After leaving the episcopate, he chose to adopt an ascetic lifestyle and became a monk. He died in the Ruban Shabour Monastery in Iraq.

Ibrahim Matar was a writer and translator born in Bethlehem, Palestine. He received his elementary education at the Johann Ludwig Schneller School (also known as Schneller Orphanage) and later joined the Teachers’ Union in Jerusalem. He completed his bachelor's degree in English Literature at the American University in Beirut, Lebanon before returning to Palestine, where he became a teacher at the Nazareth High School until 1939. He then moved to Jaffa, where he became a teacher of English Literature. After al-Nakba in 1948, Matar left for Beirut where he worked for Al-Nashra magazine, which was issued by the American Mission and the department of “Al-Mash’al” office. In addition to his native tongue, Arabic, Matar was also fluent in German and English. Some of his most notable works include Al-Hayat Al-Methaleya (The Ideal Life), Al-Tarjamah Al-Mukhtarah (The Chosen Translation), Mabady’ Al-Tarjama (Principles of Translation), KawakebwaRuuad (Planets and Spacemen), Makhtotat Al-Bahr Al-Mayet (Dead Sea Scrolls), KessasMn Al-Adab Al-Alami (Tales from the International Literature), Lughz Al-Hayat (The Secret of Life) and Al-Ketab Al-Mukadas fi Al-Lugha Al-Arabiya (The Holy Bible in the Arabic Language).

Tadrous bin Al-Hasan was a Christian teacher. He served as the Minister Asad al-Dawla Salih ibn Mirdas of Aleppo (1026 – 1029 AD). He is known to have been crucified.

FAQs Archive - Page 5 of 11 - Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation

Q: Jubra’il (Jubran) Futeh

Jubra’il (Jubran) bin Michael Futeh was a writer and academic from Nazareth, Palestine. He taught some of the best writers in literature of that time, including Mikha'il Na'ima, Abd el-Maseeh Haddad, Anton Ballan, Ni’ma Al-Sabbagh and Salim Qub’ain. In addition to teaching at the Russian Seminary in Nazareth, Futeh worked as an Arabic teacher at the Arab Orthodox Charitable Society in Beirut, Lebanon. Among his notable works include a book in Arabic entitled Explanation of Arabic Prosody and Rhymes , a play entitled Between Angels and Hell and several translations including Merope and Doctor Fraud .