George bin Habib Antonius Haddad was a researcher, historian, translator, manager and politician from the town of Deir El Qamar in Lebanon. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, he studied at the Victoria College in Alexandria and then pursued higher studies at Cambridge University in England. He worked at the Municipality of Alexandria and joined the civil service in Palestine after World War I, where he became a leader in the Minister of Education and the British Administration. In 1927, he was summoned by the British delegation to serve as a mediator and translator during the negotiations between the British government and King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He also served as a translator for Mr. Charles Richard Crane in his interview with Ibn Saud in 1931. In 1939, Antonius was elected by the Arab Higher Committee of Palestine as a secretary to the Palestinian Arab delegation at the Round Table Conference in London. He also visited the United States and held several lectures about Arab history. Among his notable works includes a book entitled The Arab Awakening , which was written in English and later translated into Arabic.

George, or Jurji, bin Antonios bin Girges bin Michali Yanni was an author, translator, historian, journalist and member of the Arab Academy in Damascus. Born in Tripoli, he published his articles in Al-Jinan (The Gardens) and participated in publishing Al-Mabaheth (Sections) magazine in Tripoli in 1908. He published several articles in many renowned Arabic newspapers, the oldest of which are said to have been published in Syria and Egypt. A notorious bibliophile, Yanni was a known book collector and translated several of them, including The History of Modern Urbanization , The History of the Franco-Prussian War or French-German War , The History of Syria , The Wonders of the Sea and its Mercantile Tonnage , The History of Alexander II of Russia , and The Lady with the White Ribbon .

George or Jorji Harfoush was a writer and a journalist from Beirut, Lebanon. He received his education at the Jesuit High School in Beruit and later worked as an employee at the Ottoman Diplomatic Service as a secretary for the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sophia as well as a representative to its commission in Paris. He worked as a journalist at various newspapers and went on to found three newspapers in Istanbul publishing in Turkish, Arabic and French, including Kalimat Al-Haq (The Word of Truth) newspaper in 1908. He also founded Al-I’lanaat (Advertisements) newspaper in 1912 and Journal De Beirut in 1914. Harfoush was appointed member of the Syrian Conference in Beirut under the rule of King Faisal, for which he traveled to Damascus and left his newspaper under the guardianship of Samih Khoury and Farid Kassab. He was offered to rule the Archipelago Islands after declaration of the Ottoman Constitution in 1908, though he refused. Among his notable remnants include seven newspapers and two printing houses.

Jamil bin Habib Al-Khoury Saliba was a Syrian philosopher, author, teacher, lawyer, linguist, journalist, and translator. Born in the town of Qaraoun in the Beqaa Valley, he studied in Damascus and graduated from the Arabic Preparatory School. He enrolled at the Sorbonne University in Paris majoring in education, literature and law, and also received his PhD in philosophy before later moving back to Damascus. He was appointed teacher of philosophy at his alma mater, the Arabic Preparatory School, and later became head of high school education at the Ministry of Education, head of the Teachers College, head of the Committee of Education and general secretary for the Syrian Ministry of Education. He also served as dean of the college of education at Damascus University and then president of the Lebanese University in 1958. He was elected to be a member of the International Committee for the Publication and Translation of Human Masterpieces representing UNESCO and also became a member of the International Committee for Educational Sciences and the Board of Directors at the Arabic Encyclopedia. In 1933 he published Al-Thakafa (The Culture) magazine and the Ministry of Education’s Al-Tarbiya wa Al-Ta’lim (Upbringing and Education) magazine. Among his notable writings include The Courses of Modern Criticism , The History of Arabic Philosophy , The Philosophical Lexicon , The Future of Education in the Levant , From Fiction to Reality and Intellectual Orientations in the Levant and its Effect in Modern Literature.

Jamil bin Ibrahim bin No’man Al-Ma’louf was an author, journalist and translator. Born in Zahle, Lebanon, he received his elementary education at the Episcopal School, the Salima School of the Capuchin Fathers and the School of Wisdom in Beirut before ultimately enrolling in the Sultan School in Beirut and the Al-Maktab Al-Rashidi, a small teaching divan in the province of Astana. He knew several languages and worked as an editor in New York for a magazine, which was run by his uncle Yousef No’man. Despite his extensive traveling, he later returned to Lebanon just prior to World War I. He was summoned for trial by the Office of War and, despite hiding, was later caught. He was not sound in mind and was later transferred to Al-Asfouria mental hospital, and then back to his home in Zahleprior to the end of the war. Among his notable works include New Turkey and Human Rights , The Effect of Flowers on Nature , The Political Will of Mehmed Fuad Pasha , The Law of Arab Press and History and Traditions .

Jiries Al-Khoury Ayyoub was a writer and poet from Kufur Yassin, Palestine. After receiving his elementary education, he joined the Zion International School Of English and the English Youth College. He served as a teacher of Arabic at St. George’s School in Jerusalem, as headmaster of Akko’s high school, as an Arabic teacher at Al-Rashidiya College in Akko, and as an Arabic teacher at Schmidt School for girls in Jerusalem. Jirjes’ writings appeared in several Palestinian magazines and newspapers including Modern Valuables , Teachers College , and The Wisdom . In addition to his writings, Ayyoub was also known for having memorized passages of the holy Quran, as well as for his famed satirical poetry. Among his notable works include a collection of children’s literature, an Arabic grammar book and a collection of poems.

Jirmanos Mo’akkad was a writer, journalist and archbishop of the Greek Catholics. Born in Damascus, Syria, he became a monk in Dir Al-Mokhalles (Monastery of the Savior) near Sidon. In 1889, Mo’akkad served as bishop of his congregation in Baalbek and later became archbishop of Latakia. He later resigned in order to dedicate himself to writing and preaching, and in 1903 established the organization Paul’s co-senders while also publishing his writings in Al-Masarra (Goodwill) magazine, which he helped found. Among his notable works include Interpretation of the Gospels , The Living Words , The Way to Righteousness , Chants and Spiritual Hymns , and The Belle of Beirut and The Journey of the Greek Philosopher , which contains the biography of Christ and a demonstration of the Bible.

Georgi bin Habib Zaydan was a historian, journalist, linguist, and novelist. After receiving his elementary education in his native Beirut, Lebanon, he went on to join the Evangelical Syrian College in Beirut to study medicine before ultimately leaving Beirut for Egypt before obtaining his degree. In addition to serving as the editor-in-chief of Al-Zaman (The Time) magazine, he also utilized his fluency in English, Latin, Hebrew and Syriac by escorting the Intelligence Agency as a translator on its campaign in Sudan. Zaydan returned to Beirut to teach Hebrew and Syriac at the Arab Academy before ultimately returning to Egypt to work as the editor of Al-Moktataf (The Excerpt) magazine, of which he later became president. The final magazine he worked for was Al-Hilal (The Crescent), after which he devoted himself almost exclusively to novel writing and later became known as the founder of the historical novel in modern history. Among his memorable works include The History of the Arabic Language in Literature , The History of Islamic Urbanization , Modern Physiognomy , Linguistic Philosophy and Arabic Pronunciations , The Modern History of Egypt , The History of Freemasonry , The History of Greece and the Romans , The History of Arabs before Islam , as well as 23 Islamic historical novels including Quraish’s Virgin , Al-Hajjaj ibin Yusuf , The Conquest of Andalusia , Salah Eddin , and The Ottomans’ Coup .

Girges bin Yousef bin Rafael bin Girges bin Michael bin Hanna Shalhat was a Syriac Catholic writer, poet, journalist, translator, teacher, Patriarch of Anitoch of the Syriac Catholics and a member of the Arab Academy in Damascus. Born in Aleppo, Girges received his education in Aintoura, Lebanon and later went on to open a school for Syriac Catholics called Madraset Al-Tarakki (The School of Advancement). In 1910, he founded Al-Warqaa magazine, in which he published most of his work during World War II. Among his notable writings are The Gist of Industry, Science, and Religion , The Cosmos and The Sanctuary or Fine Arts and The Church , The Cosmos , Golden Plates of Aleppo’s Proverbs , and Between the Golden Necklace in France and Arabs.

Girges Kanaan was an writer, poet, journalist and historian from the town of Kaftoun near the Batroun district of Lebanon. He received part of his elementary education in Saint John’s School in Duma, Syria and continued his studies at both the American School for Boys in Tripoli and the Evangelical College in Hums. He taught at several schools throughout Lebanon, Syria and Iraq and was known by many as Al-Nather , or the headmaster. In addition to publishing several articles in Hums newspaper in 1928, he also contributed work to Niazi Karam's Al-Nashi’a (The Young Adults) magazine. Among his notable works include The Arabic Language and its Literatur e, Al-Buhturi , Muthakkarat (Diaries) and many others.